2024 Pilot Projects

The Living Arrangements of Rural Older Adults and its Uneven Impacts on Physical Health

Dr. Mathew Brooks

Older adults in the rural United States face higher rates of chronic diseases, disability, and mortality, with abundant research focusing on how rural America’s limited economic opportunities and healthcare infrastructure enable these rural-urban disparities. The living arrangements (i.e. who one lives with) of rural residents may also be an underexplored driver of older adults’ poor health. Living arrangements, for example, may provide within-home care but may also lead to increased physical and mental strain from caregiving. In this pilot project, we produce an empirical benchmark of the current diversity of rural older adult’s living arrangements and its potentially uneven associations with physical health. We will utilize two decades of American Community Survey data to estimate trends in arrangements such as living alone, cohabitation, multigenerational living, and co-residence of dependent grandchildren. Additionally, we will draw on the Understanding America Survey to examine the associations between living arrangements and seven measures of physical health (e.g., self-rated health, diabetes) among rural older adults—testing whether these associations are stronger or weaker across rural and urban areas. Throughout this project we emphasize within-rural heterogeneity by age, gender, race, and geographic context in order to provide timely evidence for place-specific aging policy and interventions.

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Linking Adult Offspring Challenges and Parental Cognitive Health: Risk and Resilience in Rural Contexts

Dr. Ashley Barr and Dr. Kristen Schultz Lee

The number of adults living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) is growing rapidly. Simultaneously, young people today are experiencing an increasingly extended, uncertain, and tenuous transition to adulthood. Importantly, rurality plays a major role in the risk and burden of ADRD and the challenges young people face in transitioning to stable adult roles, with the rural-urban divide in both ADRD among older people and mental health and social well-being among younger people widening. A growing literature suggests that the relationship between these overlapping inequalities is not entirely spurious. Rather, these trends may be mutually reinforcing. Although the downward transmission of (dis)advantage from parents to offspring is well-documented, newer work highlights how the social foreground (the experiences of one’s offspring) may also matter for healthy aging. In this pilot project, we leverage existing intergenerational, longitudinal data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study and its complement, the National Study of Caregiving, as well as the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health and its complement, the Add Health Parent Study to examine the importance of social foreground for the cognitive health of aging parents and to explore variation in these effects across and within rural and urban communities. By harmonizing these datasets, we will quantify rural-urban differences, as well as heterogeneity within rural and urban communities, in both the cognitive health of aging parents and the nature and degree of challenges experienced by their adult offspring. We will then specify the effect of adult offspring challenges on parental cognitive health and examine geographic heterogeneity in this effect. Finally, we will examine the risk and resilience resources in rural communities that underlie and/or condition the effect of adult offspring challenges on parental cognitive health. Translationally, our work will call attention to the importance of considering linked lives in policy and practice and will point to risk and resilience factors to improve healthy aging, as well as support for young people, in rural communities.

2023 Pilot Projects

Leveraging Data from a Large Longitudinal Study of Aging to Identify Associations between Behavior-Opportunity Gaps and Dementia Risk

Olivia E. Atherton, University of Houston

The goal of this project is to identify the role of behavior-opportunity gaps on risk for poor cognitive health (Aim 1) and investigate whether the associations between behavior opportunity gaps and cognitive health vary by key sociodemographic factors (i.e., rural-urban, race, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status; Aim 2). The central hypothesis is that larger behavior-opportunity gaps will be associated with worse cognitive health over and above main effects of the behavior and environmental characteristic, such that vulnerable individuals will have worse cognitive function compared to matched and resilient individuals. This work will lead to new knowledge about the intersection of health behaviors and environmental opportunities as prevention and intervention targets for promoting healthy cognitive aging in place among minoritized adults.

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Using Fine-scale Geographic Data to Assess the Drivers of Infectious Disease Burden in Rural Populations: COVID-19 and Beyond

John Kubale and colleagues, University of Michigan 

The goal of this project is to: 1) Explore the neighborhood-level relationship between rurality and COVID-19 burden in the 21 states contained in the  COVID Neighborhood Project (CONEP) data; and 2) Describe the demographic, social, and environmental features of neighborhoods that modify the relationship between rurality and COVID-19 burden. The project is innovative because it a) Leverages a novel spatially-referenced SARS-CoV-2 infection dataset to study its impact on rural residents and b) Integrates infection data with data on the neighborhood environment allowing us to carry out biosocial investigations of population health in rural communities. This project will yield critical preliminary data on the variability of COVID-19’s impact on rural communities that will be used to develop an R01 proposal to better understanding the neighborhood-level drivers which shape a pandemic’s impact on rural populations.

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A mixed-methods assessment of the impact of the rural healthcare exit on the health outcomes of older adults in rural America

Tom Mueller and colleagues, University of Kansas Medical Center

The goal of this project is to: (1) Document the decline in rural healthcare services, and associated relationship with mortality, from 1990 to 2020 as it relates to key health outcomes among older adults; (2) Focusing on ADRD, conduct an exploratory qualitative inquiry into the experience of the rural healthcare exit as felt by key informants and ADRD-impacted residents of an exemplar community. The first aim will collate data from the U.S. Census Bureau, the USDA Economic Research Service, the Centers for Disease Control, and the Health Resources and Services Administration to conduct descriptive trend analyses, exploratory spatial data analysis, and regression modeling of the impact of service decline on health outcomes (e.g. mortality) associated with ADRD, heart disease, cancer, stroke, and unintentional injury. The second aim will leverage five key-informant interviews and five ADRD caregiver interviews to elicit an initial understanding of the context and experience of this healthcare exit as it relates to ADRD. Through the combination of the quantitative analysis in Aim 1 and the qualitative analysis in Aim 2, we will establish preliminary data to support a larger R01 proposal on this topic in the next two years.

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Rural-Urban and Within-Rural Disparities in Chronic Pain Among Older Adults

Feinuo Sun and colleagues, University of Texas at Arlington 

The goal of this project is to answer two questions: 1) How does the prevalence of pain differ across the rural-urban continuum? 2) How do neighborhood demographic composition and socio-environmental characteristics explain the disparities in the prevalence of pain? The study brings the rurality dimension into the limited discussions on the geography of pain and contributes to understanding how place features linked with rural-urban and within-rural residence determine population health. The findings will be critical for policymaking and resource allocation to address health disparities and promote healthy aging. The ultimate goal of this grant is to prepare an R21 proposal for NIA on the association between rurality and pain using multiple datasets and innovative measures.

Journal Articles and Books/Book Chapters

Anderson, Cory, and Rachel Bacon. Forthcoming (Fall 2023). “Profiles of Major Amish Settlements in North America: A Guide for Researchers and Service Providers.” Journal of Amish & Plain Anabaptist Studies.

Cafer, Anne, Meagen Rosenthal, Brookshield Laurent, Jennifer Cooper, and Raeda Anderson. 2020. “Heath Landscapes in the South: Rurality, Racism, and a Path Forward.” Study the South, October 27, 2020. 

Cheng, Kent J.G., Yue Sun, and Shannon M. Monnat. 2020. “COVID-19 Death Rates are Higher in Rural Counties with Larger Shares of Blacks and Hispanics.” Journal of Rural Health 36(4):602-608. PMCID: PMC7885172

Clark, Shelley, Elizabeth M. Lawrence, and Shannon M. Monnat. 2022. “Support from Adult Children and Parental Health in Rural America.” Journal of Rural Social Sciences 37(1). (submitted to NIHMSID: 1799194)

Coward, Kara, Anne Cafer, Meagen Rosenthal, David Allen III, Queenie Paltanwale. 2021. “An Exploration of Key Barriers to Healthcare Providers’ Use of Food Prescription (FRx) Interventions in the Rural South.” Public Health Nutrition 24(5): 1095-1103.

Davidson, Trent, Jason Boardman, and Lori Hunter. 2022. “Exploring Rural-Urban Differences in Polygenic Associations for Health among Older Adults in the United States.” Journal of Rural Social Sciences, 37(1): Article 4.

Glauber, Rebecca. 2022. “Rural Depopulation and the Rural-Urban Gap in Cognitive Functioning among Older Adults.” Rural Health 38(4): 696-704.

Golding, Shaun A. and Richelle L. Winkler. 2020. “Tracking Urbanization and Exurbs: Migration across the Rural-Urban Continuum, 1990-2016.” Population Research and Policy Review 39:835-859.

Green, John J., Shannon M. Monnat, Leif Jensen, Lori Hunter, and Martin Sliwinski. 2022. “Rural Population Health and Aging: Introduction to the Special Issue.” Journal of Rural Social Sciences 37(1).

Hochstetler, Andrew, David J. Peters, and Shannon M. Monnat. 2022. “Prescription Opioid Resiliency and Vulnerability: A Mixed-Methods Comparative Case Study.” American Journal of Criminal Justice 47:651-671. PMCID: PMC9660123

Hunter, Lori M., Catherine Talbot, Dylan Connor, Miriam Counterman, Johannes Uhl, Myron Gutmann, and Stefan Leyk. 2020. “Change in U.S. Small Town Community Capitals, 1980-2010.” Population Research and Policy Review. 39(5), 913-940.

Jensen, Leif, Shannon M. Monnat, John J. Green, Lori M. Hunter, and Martin J. Sliwinski. 2020. “Rural Population Health and Aging: Toward a Multilevel and Multidimensional Research Agenda for the 2020s.” American Journal of Public Health. 110, no. 9: 1328-1331.

Johnson, Kenneth M. 2020. “As Births Diminish and Deaths Increase, Natural Decrease Becomes More Widespread in Rural America.” Rural Sociology. 85(4): 1045-1058. DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12358

Johnson, Kenneth M. 2020. “Subnational Non-Hispanic White Natural Decrease in the United States.” Population and Development Review. 46(1):7 31.

Johnson, Kenneth M., and Daniel T. Lichter.  2020.  “Metropolitan Reclassification and the Urbanization of Rural America.”  Demography, 57, 1929-2050. PMID: 32869177

Lichter, Daniel T. and Kenneth M. Johnson. 2020. “A Demographic Lifeline? Immigration and Hispanic Population Growth in Rural America.” Population Research and Policy Review. 39:785-803.

Lichter, Daniel T. and Kenneth M. Johnson. 2021. “Opportunity and Place: Latino Children and America’s Future”. The Annals of Political and Social Science. Forthcoming.

Lichter, Daniel T., David L. Brown, and Domenico Parisi  2021.  “The Rural-Urban Interface: Rural and Small-Town Growth at the Metropolitan Fringe.” Population, Space and Place, 27(3), 1-14.

Michael, Y. L., Smiley, K. T., Clay, L., Hirsch, J. A., & Lovasi, G. S. 2023. “Uneven Growth in Social Capital Organizations After Disasters by Pre-Disaster Conditions in the United States 2000–2014.” Disaster medicine and public health preparedness, 17, e278.

Miyawaki CE, McClellan A, Russell D, Bouldin ED. Comparing unmet service needs between rural and urban family caregivers of people living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias: A multi-site qualitative study. The Gerontologist 2024;64(9):gnae083.

Monnat, Shannon M. 2020. “Trends in U.S. Working-Age Non-Hispanic White Mortality: Rural-Urban and Within-Rural Differences.” Population Research and Policy Review 39(5):805-834. PMCID: PMC7472949

Monnat, Shannon M. 2020. “The Opioid Crisis in Rural America: Trends, Causes and Consequences.” In Rural Families and Communities, edited by S. McHale, J. Glick, and V. King. New York: Springer.

Monnat, Shannon M. 2022. “Rural-Urban Variation in COVID-19 Experiences and Impacts among U.S. Working-Age Adults.” ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 698(1):111-136.

Monnat, Shannon M. and Irma T. Elo. 2022. “Enhancing the Utility of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to Identify Drivers of Rising Mortality Rates in the United States.” Forum for Health Economics & Policy. PMID: 35254742

Montez, Jennifer Karas., Nader Mehri, Shannon M. Monnat, Jason Beckfield, Derek Chapman, Jacob Grumbach, Mark D. Hayward, Steven H. Woolf, and Anna Zajacova. 2022. “U.S. State Policy Contexts and Mortality of Working-Age Adults.” PLOS ONE 17(10): e0275466. PMCID: PMC9604945

Newsom, Jason T., Emily C. Denning, Benjamin A. Shaw, Kristin J. August, and Scott J. Strath. 2020. “Older adults’ physical activity-related social control and social support in the context of personal norms.” In press at Journal of Health Psychology.

Pendergrast, Claire. (2021). “There Was No ‘That’s Not My Job’”: New York Area Agencies on Aging Approaches to Supporting Older Adults During COVID-19.” Journal of Applied Gerontology

Pendergrast, Claire, Basia Belza, Ann Bostrom, and Nicole Errett. 2020. “Examining the Role of Ageing-in-Place Organizations in Building Older Adults’ Disaster Resilience.” Ageing and Society, 1-26.

Pendergrast, Claire and Shannon M. Monnat. 2022. “Perceived Impacts of COVID-19 on Wellbeing among U.S. Working-Age Adults with ADL Difficulty.” Disability and Health Journal 15(4). PMCID: PMC9060733

Pendergrast, Claire, Rhubart, Danielle C. (2022). Socio-Spatial Disparities in County-Level Availability of Aging and Disability Services Organizations. Journal of Rural Social Sciences, 37(1): 3.

Rhubart, Danielle C., Shannon Monnat, Claire Pendergrast, and Leif Jensen. 2020. “The Unique Impacts of U.S. Social and Health Policies on Rural Population Health and Aging.” Public Policy and Aging Report 31(1):24-29. PMCID: PMC7799382

Rhubart, D. Kowalkowski, J. (2022). Perceived Mental Health Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Roles of Social Support and Social Engagement for Working Age Adults. Preventive Medicine, 107171. 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107171

Roth, Adam R., Siyun Peng, and Brea L. Perry. 2022. “Personal Network Bridging Potential Across Geographic Context.” The Journals of Gerontology: Series B 77(3):626–35. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbab103. PMCID: PMC8893139

Russell D, Miyawaki CE, Reckrey JM, Bouldin ED. Unmet needs and factors impacting home and community-based service use among rural Appalachian caregivers of people with Alzheimer’s and dementia. Online ahead of print: Journal of Applied Gerontology.

Sun, Yue and Shannon M. Monnat. 2021. “Rural-Urban and Within-Rural Differences in COVID-19 Vaccination Rates.” The Journal of Rural Health. PMCID: PMC8661570

Sun, Yue, Rhubart, Danielle C. (2022). Rural-Urban Differences in the Association between Aging & Disability Services and COVID-19 Vaccination Rates among Older Adults. Journal of Applied Gerontology. 10.1177/07334648221119457

Verdery, Ashton M., Kira England, Alexander Chapman, Liying Luo, Katherine McLean, and Shannon Monnat. 2020. “Visualizing Age, Period, and Cohort Patterns in the U.S. Opioid Crisis.” Socius 6:1-3.  PMCID pending

Wolf, Douglas, Shannon M. Monnat, and Jennifer Karas Montez. 2021. “Effects of U.S. State Preemption on Infant Mortality Rates.” Preventive Medicine 145: 106417. PMCID: PMC7956067

Wolf, Douglas A., Jennifer Karas Montez, and Shannon M. Monnat. 2022. “U.S. State Preemption Laws and Working-Age Mortality.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 63(5):681-688. PMID: 36272759

Yang, T. C., Shoff, C., & Kim, S. (2022). Social isolation, residential stability, and opioid use disorder among older Medicare beneficiaries: Metropolitan and non-metropolitan county comparison. Social Science & Medicine, 292, 114605.

Zacher, Meghan, Samantha Brady, and Susan E. Short. 2023. “Geographic Patterns of Dementia in the United States: Variation by Place of Residence, Place of Birth, and Subpopulation.” The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. (PMCID not yet available.)

Research and Policy Briefs

Brown, Austin McNeill* and Shannon M. Monnat. 2021. “The Public Good, Bad Policies, and Tough Times: When Profit and Public Interests Collide.” Issue Brief #46. Lerner Center Population Health Research Brief Series.

Cafer, Anne. 2020. “Is the South More at Risk for COVID-19?” the University of Mississippi, College of Liberal Arts. April 14, 2020.

Cafer, Anne and Meagen Rosenthal. 2020. “Coronavirus is Spreading Through the Rural South’s High-Risk Population: Reopening Economies will Make it Worse.” The Conversation. April 24, 2020.

Cafer, Anne, Meagen Rosenthal, and Katherine Brote. 2020. “COVID-19 and Civic Engagement in Mississippi.” UM CREW Policy Brief, September 2020.

Cafer, Anne, Meagen Rosenthal, Brookshield Laurent, Jennifer Cooper, and Raeda Anderson. 2020. “Heath Landscapes in the South: Rurality, Racism, and a Path Forward.” Study the South, October 27, 2020.

Chandler, Raeven Faye. 2020. “Hunger in the Commonwealth: Food Security in Pennsylvania.” Issue 2. January.

Chandler, Raeven Faye. 2020. “COVID19 & The Commonwealth: Vulnerable Populations in Pennsylvania: Aging.” Issue 4. March.

Chandler, Raeven Faye. 2020. “COVID19 & The Commonwealth: Vulnerable Populations in Pennsylvania: Health Risks and Factors.” Issue 5. April.

Chandler, Raeven Faye. 2020. “COVID19 & The Commonwealth: Vulnerable Populations in Pennsylvania: Population, Density, Proximity.” Issue 6. May.

Chandler, Raeven Faye, Shannon M. Monnat, and Yue Sun. 2020. “High COVID-19 Mortality Risk in Pennsylvania’s Rural Counties.” Data Slice #24. Lerner Center Population Health Research Brief Series.

Chandler, Raeven Faye, Katrina Alford, Leif Jensen. 2021. “COVID-19 Case Rates in Rural and Urban Pennsylvania.” Penn State Social Science Research Institute blog.

Cheng, Kent J.G., Yue Sun, and Shannon M. Monnat. 2020. “Rural COVID-19 Mortality Rates are Highest in Counties with the Largest Percentages of Blacks and Hispanics.” Research Brief #31. Lerner Center Population Health Research Brief Series.

Green, John J. 2020. “Population 65 Years and Older Varies by Region and Non-Metro Status in Mississippi: Implications for COVID-19.” Population Brief (The University of Mississippi Center for Population Studies): April 3.

Green, J. 2022. “Delta Population Change Has Implications for Weathering the Future.” Brief #2022-5. Rural Population Research Network.

Helander, Mary and Pendergrast, Claire. 2020. “New York State’s Older Adults in Assisted Living Facilities Need All of Us to Help Them Avoid the Coronavirus.” Lerner Center for Public Health Promotion: Population Health Research Brief Series. 62.

Johnson, Kenneth M. 2020. “An Older Population Increases Estimated COVID-19 Death Rates in Rural America.” Carsey Research National Issue Brief. Durham, NH: Carsey School of Public Policy, University of New Hampshire. 147.

Johnson, Kenneth M. 2020. “Deaths Exceeded Births in Nearly Half of U.S. Counties Last Year.” Carsey Data Snapshot. Durham, NH: Carsey School of Public Policy, University of New Hampshire.

Johnson, Kenneth M. 2020. “Distribution of New Hampshire Older Population Complicates Health Care Delivery During the Coronavirus Epidemic.” Carsey Data Snapshot. Durham, NH: Carsey School of Public Policy, University of New Hampshire.

Johnson, Kenneth M. 2020. “Health Conditions and an Older Population Increase COVID-19 Risks in Rural America.” Carsey Research National Issue Brief. Durham, NH: Carsey School of Public Policy, University of New Hampshire. 150.

Johnson, Kenneth M. 2020. “New Hampshire Population Grew Last Year, Even Though Deaths Exceeded Births.” Carsey Data Snapshot. Durham, NH: Carsey School of Public Policy, University of New Hampshire.

Johnson, Kenneth M. and Daniel T. Lichter. 2020. “Is Rural America Failing or Succeeding? Maybe Both.” Carsey Research National Issue Brief. Durham, NH: Carsey School of Public Policy, University of New Hampshire. 151.

McNamara, Emily F, Andrew J. Ritchey, and Raeven Faye Chandler. 2020. “COVID19 & The Commonwealth: Vulnerable Populations in Pennsylvania: Family Types, Employment & Poverty.” Issue 7. June.

Monnat, Shannon M. 2020. “The U.S. Rural Mortality Penalty is Wide and Growing.” Research Brief #35. Lerner Center Population Health Research Brief Series.

Monnat, Shannon M. 2020. “Why Coronavirus Could Hit Rural Areas Harder.” Issue Brief #16. Lerner Center Population Health Research Brief Series.

Monnat, Shannon M. 2022. “Rural Adults Report Worse Employment and Economic Impacts from COVID-19 than Urban Adults.” Brief #2022-2. Rural Population Research Network.

Monnat, Shannon M. 2022. “Mortality Rates are Higher in Rural than in Urban Areas, and the Gap is Growing.” Brief #2022-12. Rural Population Research Network.

Monnat, Shannon M. 2022. “Rural Adults Report Worse COVID-19 Impacts than Urban Adults.” Research Brief #67. Lerner Center Population Health Research Brief Series.

Monnat, Shannon M. 2023. “Which Demographic Groups and Which Places Have the Highest Drug Overdose Rates in the U.S.?” Research Brief #91. Lerner Center Population Health Research Brief Series.

Monnat, Shannon M. and Kent Jason G. Cheng. 2020. “COVID-19 Testing Rates are Lower in States with More Black and Poor Residents.” Data Slice #15. Lerner Center Population Health Research Brief Series.

Monnat, Shannon M. and Kent Jason G. Cheng. 2020. “Geographic Disparities in COVID-19 Testing: An Urgent Call to Action.” Research Brief #19. Lerner Center Population Health Research Brief Series.

Monnat, Shannon M. and Danielle C. Rhubart. 2022. “Rural Working-Age Adults Report Worse Health than their Urban Peers.” Data Slice #50. Lerner Center Population Health Research Brief Series.

Monnat, Shannon M. and Yue Sun. 2020. “New York State’s Rural Counties have Higher COVID-19 Mortality Risk.” Data Slice #22. Lerner Center Population Health Research Brief Series.

Monnat, Shannon M. and Yue Sun. 2021. “Why are COVID-19 Vaccination Rates Lower in Rural than in Urban Areas of the U.S.? Research Brief #52. Lerner Center Population Health Research Brief Series.

Montez, Jennifer Karas, Nader Mehri, and Shannon M. Monnat. 2022. “Conservative State Policies Contribute to Higher Mortality Rates among Working-Age Americans.” Research Brief #80. Lerner Center Population Health Research Brief Series.

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. High and Rising Mortality Rates Among Working-Age Adults. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. (474 pages).

Pendergrast, Claire. 2020 “Aging-in-Place Organizations are Key to Building Disaster Resilience for Older Adults.” Lerner Center for Public Health Promotion: Population Health Research Brief Series. 39.

Pendergrast, Claire. 2021 “Area Agencies on Aging Provide Crucial Support for Older New Yorkers During COVID-19.”. Lerner Center for Public Health Promotion: Population Health Research Brief Series. 117.

Pendergrast, Claire. 2020 “Tips for Communicating with Older Adults about COVID-19.” Lerner Center for Public Health Promotion: Population Health Research Brief Series. 66.

Pendergrast, Claire and Helander, Mary. 2020. “Staying Safe and Healthy During Coronavirus Response: A Guide for Older Adults.” Lerner Center for Public Health Promotion: Population Health Research Brief Series. 73.

Rhubart, Danielle, “Flooding Negatively Affects Health and Rural America is Not Immune” (2020). Lerner Center for Public Health Promotion: Population Health Research Brief Series. 8.

Rhubart, Danielle, “Preventing Heat-Related Fatalities during the COVID-19 Pandemic” (2020). Lerner Center for Public Health Promotion: Population Health Research Brief Series. 115.

Rhubart, Danielle C., Shannon M. Monnat (2022). Self-Rated Physical Health among Working-Aged Adults Along the Rural-Urban Continuum – United States, 2021. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 71(5):161-166.

Rhubart, Danielle, Shannon M. Monnat, and Yue Sun. 2020. “Rural Ohio Faces High Health Risk During the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Data Slice #26. Lerner Center Population Health Research Brief Series.

Ritchey, Andrew J., Emily F. McNamara, and Raeven Faye Chandler. 2020. “COVID19 & The Commonwealth: Vulnerable Populations in Pennsylvania: Remote Communications: Technology & Internet Access.” Issue 7. July.

Schoff, Carla, Tse-Chuan Yang, and Benjamin A. Shaw. 2021. “Trends in Opioid Use Disorder among Older Adults: Analyzing Medicare Data, 2013-2018.” American Journal of Preventative Medicine (PMCID: In Process: 33812694).

Wolf, Douglas A., Shannon M. Monnat, and Jennifer Karas Montez. 2021. “Allowing Cities to Raise the Minimum Wage Could Prevent Hundreds of Infant Deaths Annually.” Research Brief #37. Lerner Center Population Health Research Brief Series.

Wolf, Douglas A., Jennifer Karas Montez, and Shannon M. Monnat. 2022. “Allowing Cities to Mandate Employer Paid Sick Leave Could Reduce Deaths among Working-Age Adults.” Research Brief #75. Lerner Center Population Health Research Brief Series.